International Journal of Contemporary Issues in Behavioural Sciences

Purpose in Life and Reasons for Living as Mediators of Suicidal Ideation

Roopa, M , Kabra, V — Thu, 19 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Positive psychological factors play a vital role in coping with the overwhelming life situation. Any worst happening results from worst ideation or thoughts. Similarly suicide is the final product of the suicidal ideation. Suicidal. There may be a feeling of bleakness and an erroneous assumption that taking one’s own life might be the answer. Compared to suicide risk factors, factors that may buffer stressors and protect individuals from suicide have received less attention. Purpose in Life and Reasons for Living are the protective psychological factors which directly affect suicidal ideation. Purpose or meaning in life contributes to the wellbeing and helps protect against depression and consequently indirectly against suicidal ideation. Reasons for living are another protective factor that has been shown to help shield individuals from negative thoughts and actions. It is considered that psychological strengths like purpose in life and reasons for living play big prophylactic role in predicting suicidal ideation.

Treatment Gap Issues in Community Sample of People with Epilepsy

M K Bajaj — Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Aim of the study was to identification of the factors leading to treatment gap in a community sample of persons with epilepsy in north India. Sample: A population of semi-urban slum area of Ludhiana city N=15750 was surveyed in an ICMR study, out of this 114 cases were found screened positive with active epilepsy. Details were obtained from database of community study. Active epilepsy cases were provided free medicines on monthly basis in the community itself. A total number of 67 patients were not on follow ups and 47 were on follow ups in the community. All 67 patients were contacted door to door by the author. Only 24 patients were traced and interviewed. The first group n=47 named follow up group and second group n=24 formed treatment gap group. Measures: Screening questionnaire for epilepsy validated on epilepsy patients and controls, Socio-economic scale (Modified) by Udai Pareek and Semi structured interview schedule to assess issues related to treatment gap was specifically developed which also includes Socio-demographic and clinical details of the patients. Results: two groups were significantly different in respect to type of seizures frequency of seizures episodes. Occupation of the patient and mother’s educational level were also found to be significantly different in both the groups. In the study of factors related to treatment gap, indirect cost- in the form of absence from the work lead to daily income loss in labor class was significant factor in 29% patients; dissatisfaction with the treatment was noted in the 63 % people with epilepsy, 58.33% of the patients do not have adequate knowledge of right treatment of this condition, 29% of the patients did not believe in the anti-epileptic treatment, they were following the faith healers advice, 20 % patients were not seeking the treatment because of stigma, co-morbidity of mental retardation and psychosis was found in 8.5% and 14.28 % patients could not receive treatment because of family conflict. Conclusion: dissatisfaction with the treatment and lack of adequate knowledge were the main factors found in this study which were related to the treatment gap in this study.

Role of Physical Activities on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Old Age

Vanshika G, Vijander Singh — Sun, 12 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aging is a natural process and it has long been recognized that as individuals age, they face decline in many aspects of cognitive functioning. Although the repair of neurodegenerative damage associated with ageing remains experimental, rapid advances are being made in the techniques for inhibiting degeneration, promoting regenerative growth and replacing lost populations of cells. This study investigates the relationship between the amount of physical and mental activity an individual does in his/her day to day life and the level of cognitive decline he/she may encounter during the process of aging and the various factors like educational qualification, occupational status, gender differences, smoking and drinking, that may further explain this process. To study this two tools; Daily Physical Activity Scale and Mini MSE were used simultaneously on people of age 60 years and above. This study clearly reveals that a moderate level of positive relationship exists between physical activeness of the individual and the age related cognitive decline.

Behavioural Problems & Expressed Emotions in Epileptic Adult

Singh L K, Srivastava K — Sun, 12 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: Adults with epilepsy have high rates of behavior problems. The purpose was to describe presence of behavioural problems in adults with epilepsy and role of perceived expressed emotion.
Methods: Caregiver's ratings of the behavioural problems were collected with the help of scale used to assess the presence of behavioural problems in 30 male and females adult. Presence of expressed emotion was calculated with the help of expressed emotion with the help of Mean and Standard Deviation
Results: On average, male participant had higher behavioural problems during the course of epilepsy. Female participant manifested less number of behaviour problems when compared with male.
Conclusions: Seizures significantly predicted behaviour problems in the course of a seizure condition, even when patients were on regular medicine. Both seizures and expressed emotions along with behaviour problems are risk factor & comments that seizures per se may not disrupt behaviour but role of expressed emotion should not be underestimated.

Changes in Intellectual disability in DSM- 5

Pooja M, Pandey S — Sun, 12 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The American Psychiatric Associations’ fifth revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, known as DSM-5 observed various changes from DSM-IV-TR, among them the changes in diagnostic category of mental retardation as specified in DSM-IV-TR will have greatest impact on practicing Clinical Psychologists. The changes range from changing the terminology of mental retardation to intellectual disability, further there is also a shift away from primary reliance on IQ scores to adaptive behavior in the diagnosis of Intellectual disability. This review paper discusses the major changes in the diagnostic category of Mental Retardation, need for such changes and implications of these changes.